Introduction

A sharp rise in measles cases has sparked public health concern across England, with Bristol emerging as the most affected area outside of London, as per reported by newly released health data. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed that between 1 January and 2 June 2025, there were 420 confirmed cases of measles nationwide, 47 of which were recorded in Bristol alone—accounting for approximately 11% of the national total.

The South West region, which includes Bristol, saw a total of 58 cases during the same period, making up 14% of the national caseload and highlighting the area as a significant hotspot in the current outbreak.

Dr. John Roberts, a health protection consultant with UKHSA, described the surge in cases as “deeply troubling.” Speaking on the factors contributing to the outbreak, Dr. Roberts noted that measles is “one of the most infectious diseases” and can spread rapidly in communities, especially where vaccination coverage is low.

He further emphasized that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine remains the most effective line of defense. “While some people may have missed their vaccinations due to various reasons—such as timing, access, or hesitancy—it’s not too late. Catching up with the MMR vaccine is still possible and highly recommended,” he said.

The data shows that the number of measles cases has been steadily rising throughout 2025, reaching a peak in April before slightly declining in May. Of the confirmed cases, 66% were in children aged 10 and under, while nearly 29% occurred in individuals aged 15 and above.

Though no deaths have been reported so far, public health experts have reiterated the serious nature of the illness. Complications associated with measles—such as pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation), and severe ear or eye infections—can be life-threatening, particularly in unvaccinated children and adults.

In Bristol specifically, UKHSA data reveals that around 14.9% of five-year-olds have not received both recommended doses of the MMR vaccine. This figure falls significantly below the threshold required to maintain herd immunity and prevent large-scale outbreaks.

Describing the early symptoms of measles, Dr. Roberts said: “It often starts with fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and general tiredness, lasting a few days. Then, typically four to five days later, a rash appears—beginning around the ears or hairline and gradually spreading across the body.”

He warned that while the rash is often what prompts families to seek medical help, the true dangers of measles lie in its potential to trigger secondary infections and more severe health outcomes.

In light of the rising infection rates, health authorities are urging parents and guardians to verify their children’s vaccination records and ensure they receive both doses of the MMR vaccine.

As per reported public health guidance, maintaining high vaccination coverage is essential to curb the spread of measles and protect vulnerable populations. Experts insist that timely immunisation not only safeguards individuals but also strengthens community-wide resistance against this highly contagious disease.