New Research Raises Alarms Over Long-Term Use of AI Writing Tools

Boston, MA — June 2025 — A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at the MIT Media Lab has raised serious concerns about the impact of artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT on human critical thinking abilities. The findings suggest that frequent use of AI to assist in writing tasks could be weakening cognitive engagement and lowering overall writing performance.

Study Design: ChatGPT vs. Google Search vs. Human-Only Writing

The study involved 54 participants aged 18 to 39, all from the Boston area. Participants were split into three groups and asked to complete several SAT-style essays under different conditions:

• One group used OpenAI’s ChatGPT

• Another used Google’s search engine

• The third wrote essays entirely unaided

Brain Activity Measured Across 32 Regions

To assess mental engagement, researchers used electroencephalograms (EEGs) to monitor brain activity across 32 distinct regions. The results were telling: those using ChatGPT demonstrated the lowest neural engagement across the board.

Decline in Performance Over Time

More concerning was the progressive decline in effort and originality among ChatGPT users. Over several months, participants increasingly relied on copy-and-paste tactics, demonstrating reduced initiative and creativity. In contrast, the unaided and Google-assisted groups showed higher cognitive load, suggesting more active critical thinking and engagement.

“Underperformed at Neural, Linguistic, and Behavioral Levels”

Researchers concluded that ChatGPT users “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” These findings add to a growing debate over whether AI writing tools help or hinder intellectual development, especially among students and young professionals.

Implications for Education and AI Use

The study raises important questions about the role of AI in education. While tools like ChatGPT can boost productivity, experts warn that over-reliance may erode essential thinking skills.

“We’re not saying AI should be avoided,” said one of the lead researchers. “But we are urging caution and more structured integration in learning environments.”

A Call for Balanced AI Use

As AI continues to reshape how we work and learn, this study from MIT highlights the need for a balanced approach to AI adoption—one that enhances rather than replaces human thought.